Paper on furanocumarin differences in GFJ

[Qurestine]

Study points out why the content of Furanocumarines varies so much.

in short: Various reasons but temparatur matters. In the abstract they wrote about hot filled juice (lesser Furanocumarines). Indicates also that a hot exctraction method for GFJ concentrate will have lesser Furanocumarines.

full abstract:

Since the early 1990’s, grapefruit juice has been implicated in drug interaction with various furanocoumarins (FCs) now associated with the effect. Although FCs are present in various fruits and vegetables, it is their presence in grapefruit that has attracted the most attention. Studies have shown that FCs in grapefruit juice can vary significantly and from multiple causes. Most of all, FCs are stress-induced molecules, their levels affected by many factors ranging from UV exposure to insect infestation. There are also varietal and seasonal factors. In this study, juice processing and storage parameters were investigated. Prolonged fruit storage prior to processing and most steps involved in juice processing had little influence on the levels of 6’,7’-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), paradisin C, or bergamottin. However, products that were hot filled or stored at room temperature had lower amounts of DHB and paradisin C and higher amounts of bergaptol compared to juices that were not hot filled and stored at refrigerated temperatures. Both DHB and paradisin C are potent CYP3A4 inhibitors, while bergaptol is a very weak inhibitor. Bergamottin amounts decreased to a lesser extent. Therefore, grapefruit juice products that were hot filled or have been stored at room temperature for an extended period of time will have a reduced drug interaction potential.

Effect of maturity, processing, and storage on the furanocoumarin composition...