Someone on facebook wrote a very detailed summary of this video, that I will share here:
Greg Fahy’s presentation at the Rejuvenation Startup Summit 2024
Thymus deterioration and immune system decline:
• The thymus deteriorates rapidly after puberty, with almost no functional mass left by age 30-40.
• This leads to a collapse of the immune system repertoire, with a 98% loss in ability to recognize foreign antigens between ages 60-80.
• Poor immune function is linked to an 80% risk of death within 2 years.
• A recent study showed that removing the remaining thymus tissue increases all-cause mortality risk by 2.9-fold and cancer mortality risk by 2-fold within 5 years.
Impact of immune-related causes of death:
• The risk of death from immune-related causes (including infectious diseases and cancer) increases dramatically with age.
• For people over 50, approximately half or more die from consequences of immune system failure.
Intervene Immune’s approach:
• They use a combination of three known agents: growth hormone, metformin, and DHEA.
• This approach allows for quicker regulatory approval and ensures safety.
• All three agents have individual anti-aging benefits.
Results from the original TRIIM trial (2019):
• MRI evidence of thymus regeneration
• Recovery of naive T-cell production (CD4 and CD8)
• Decline in senescent CD8 cell populations
• Reversal of epigenetic markers of aging (average 2.5 years younger)
• Both extrinsic (immune cell population) and intrinsic aging reversed
TRIIM-XA trial:
• Extension of the original TRIIM trial
• 26 participants (including 6 women) vs. 9 in the original
• Included treatment and growth hormone controls
• Enrolled older and slightly sicker participants
• Added more metrics of functional recovery
Epigenetic aging results in TRIIM-XA:
• Reproduced reversal of epigenetic aging using multiple clocks
• All measured clocks showed regression, including two new ones (skin and blood age clock, and PhenoAge clock)
• Correlation between younger epigenetic age and better health outcomes 2-4 years later
Functional improvements in TRIIM-XA:
• Increased leg strength without exercise
• Improved VO2 max (predicted 15% reduction in mortality rate)
• Enhanced lactate threshold
• Better performance in sit-to-stand test (relevant for avoiding institutionalization)
• Improved lung capacity
• Decreased resting pulse and diastolic blood pressure
• Reduced body fat (14% decrease) and visceral adipose tissue
• Increased lean body mass (1.3 kg gain)
Future directions:
• Developing a novel biological agent
• Creating their own growth hormone production
• Expanding laboratory space for drug discovery
• Exploring re-engineering of the immune system to avoid transplant rejection and autoimmune disorders
NUMERICAL RESULTS
Thymus deterioration:
• By age 30-40, almost no functional thymus mass remains
• 98% loss in ability to recognize foreign antigens between ages 60-80
Mortality risks after thymectomy:
• 80% risk of death within 2 years from poor immune function
• 2.9-fold increase in all-cause mortality risk within 5 years after thymectomy
• 2-fold increase in cancer mortality risk within 5 years after thymectomy
Original TRIIM trial results:
• Epigenetic age reversal: average 2.5 years younger
TRIIM-XA trial demographics:
• 26 participants (vs. 9 in original trial)
• 6 women included
• Average age: 67 (vs. 59 in original trial)
Epigenetic aging results in TRIIM-XA:
• Multiple clocks showed regression, including Horvath’s clock, Hannum’s clock, PhenoAge, and GrimAge
• New clocks (skin and blood age, PhenoAge) also showed regression
Inflammatory markers:
• CRP reduced by approximately 50% within first 30 days of treatment, maintained for the rest of the year
Immune cell improvements:
• Increased total lymphocytes
• Increased percentage of lymphocytes
• Increased recent thymic emigrants
• Increased naive CD4 and CD8 T cells
Functional improvements:
• Leg strength improved significantly without exercise
• VO2 max increased with high statistical significance
• Lactate threshold improved
• Sit-to-stand test performance enhanced
• Lung capacity improved in those with initially high CO2 levels
Body composition changes:
• 14% decrease in body fat percentage
• Reduction in visceral adipose tissue
• 1.3 kg gain in lean body mass
Cardiovascular improvements:
• Decreased resting pulse
• Reduced diastolic blood pressure
Individual case study (Greg Fahy):
• Plasma PhenoAge reduced from 57 to 47 after first TRIIM trial
• Further reduction to 44 after TRIIM-XA trial
• Total reduction of about 10 years over 6.3 year period
Novel therapeutic agent results (preliminary):
• 6-year reduction in plasma PhenoAge in 90 days
• Additional 2-year reduction when combined with TRIIM treatment for one week