#241

It may be a useful tool, but does not necessarily fix the underlying problem.

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#242

On fish :fish: : Intermittent hypoxic training remodels the hepatic mitochondrial network and upregulates ANT expression to enhance hypoxia tolerance in Micropterus salmoides 2025

Intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) stimulated hepatic Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial quality control.
IHT enhanced tolerance to subsequent hypoxic exposure.
Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ transport and buffering capacity.
ANT enhanced mitochondrial quality control and antioxidant defenses.

Optimizing Cognitive Performance Using Memory Enhancing Acute Intermittent Hypoxia (meAIH) in Young Healthy Adults: A Preliminary Study 2025

memory-enhancing acute intermittent hypoxia (meAIH; ∌10% oxygen) protocol
Results indicated that during the initial acquisition phase, the meAIH group performed significantly better on a declarative memory task than the SHAM group (p < 0.05), but not the retention phase. These novel results inform the understanding of cognitive neuroplasticity within young, healthy adults and how meAIH can be used to inform training paradigms for many populations.

Physiological Differences Underlying Divergent Hypoxia Responses and Altitude Adaptations in Humans, Rats and Mice 2025

In this review, we summarize current knowledge on hypoxia tolerance, oxygen transport, and oxygen consumption in humans, rats, and mice, and evaluate the extent to which findings from rodent models can be extrapolated to humans. While the anatomical, physiological, and molecular foundations of oxygen transport and utilization are broadly conserved across species, there are important quantitative differences—largely linked to body-mass variation—as well as qualitative distinctions. Mice that evolved in high-altitude environments, display remarkable hypoxia tolerance. Their physiological repertoire includes highly efficient pulmonary gas exchange, metabolic downregulation, and substantial plasticity of the mitochondrial electron transport system under hypoxic conditions. In contrast, rats exhibit heightened vulnerability in hypoxia, manifesting as right ventricular hypertrophy, excessive erythropoiesis, and myocardial injury. These interspecies differences highlight that the robust hypoxia tolerance of mice—and the potentially comparatively greater susceptibility of rats than humans—must be carefully considered when translating findings from rodent hypoxia research into human contexts.

Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Physical Performance in Trained and Untrained Individuals: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2025

IH is an effective and adaptable strategy to improve aerobic and anaerobic performance, as well as to enhance muscle strength and hypertrophy. These benefits often occur without consistent hematological changes. Future studies should focus on individualized approaches, standardization of terminology, and precise quantification of both hypoxic exposure and training load to optimize outcomes and ensure reproducibility.

Reminder, long-term intermittent hypoxia similar to the one in sleep apnea is detrimental: Prolonged intermittent hypoxia accelerates cardiovascular aging and mortality: insights from a murine model of OSA 2025

The effects of intermittent hypoxic training strategies on maximal oxygen uptake: a meta-analysis with meta-regression 2025

Current methods are live-high train-low (LHTL), live-low train-high (LLTH), and passive hypoxic conditioning (PHC).
Conclusion: LLTH showed a significant effect on VO2max in both athletic and non-athletic populations, while LHTL and PHC did not. Future studies should investigate factors driving the effects.