#1

Muscles keep us moving — they are the engine of the body. But as we age, we naturally begin to lose muscle mass, and with it, strength. Slowing this process down is key to a healthy and long life. A recent study offers exciting new insights into the dynamics of muscle regeneration. The findings highlight the role of a protein called platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF-B), which is produced by muscle cells and helps stimulate both repair and growth. We may be able to harness the protein to develop therapies for muscular injuries and age-related muscle loss.

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#2

In the past few years, I’ve read of many discoveries related to muscle aging but little or no guidance as to whether, when, or how they might be translated into useful guidance @RapAdmin. Any thoughts on that related to this article?

#3

I agree - lots of interesting developments, but nothing really actionable yet. I think the Rejuvenate Biomed’s mix is the closest we have right now (which you could do now): Rejuvenate Biomed 的药物组合（二甲双胍和加兰他敏）在 1b 期试验中显示出治疗肌肉减少症的前景

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#4

Galantamine is readily available from most Indian suppliers, not Jagdish Nikose.
I stumbled across it many years ago when it was readily available from nootropics suppliers. It was mainly used for dream enhancement. Since it has achieved some recognition for other purposes such as delaying sarcopenia, I have added it to my stack which includes metformin. I now take 4 mg twice a day. I think it adds to memory recall, just a personal observation since my crossword skills have (subjectively) increased since I started taking galantamine twice a day.

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#5

Any other effects observed @desertshores, positive or negative?

#6

Yes, I found out that it can increase gastric acid production and I did experience this side effect. It causes me to have a “sour stomach” the kind where you want to take an antacid like Tums. So, from now on I will only take it with food.
I take it for its nootropic effects. It helps prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine.
It also is, for me, a sleep experience enhancer.

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#7

The science behind exercise as an endocrine activity

Skeletal muscle, which comprises approximately 40% of total body weight in healthy adults, was once considered a relatively passive tissue primarily responsible for movement generation. This perspective changed dramatically when researchers discovered that contracting muscles release hundreds of proteins that function as hormone-like messengers.

The identification of interleukin-6 (IL-6) as the first exercise myokine in 2000 opened an entirely new field of exercise physiology research. Since then, scientists have identified over 650 potential myokines, though a smaller subset has been extensively characterized regarding their roles in body composition regulation.

This discovery transformed our understanding of muscle from simply an energy-consuming tissue to an active endocrine organ that communicates with adipose tissue, the liver, the brain, and other organs. Through these signaling pathways, exercise induces metabolic changes that transcend the immediate calorie-burning effects of physical activity.

The metabolic regulator

IL-6 represents one of the most well-studied myokines, with plasma concentrations increasing up to 100-fold during intensive exercise. Unlike the chronic IL-6 elevations associated with inflammation and disease, the acute exercise-induced IL-6 response activates a cascade of metabolic processes that enhance fat oxidation.

Research published in the Journal of Applied Physiology demonstrates that exercise-induced IL-6 increases glucose uptake and fat oxidation in multiple tissues. This myokine also stimulates lipolysis, the breakdown of stored fat, providing fuel for continued exercise and recovery.

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